Case-control study reveals distinct metabolic signatures in breast milk of mothers with gestational diabetes, suggesting insulin therapy may influence composition.
Key Points
Mothers with gestational diabetes exhibited significant alterations in transitional breast milk metabolites, indicating potential health implications for infants.
Among identified metabolites, notable changes included decreases in galactinol and arabitol, while levels of α-ketoglutaric acid increased in the gestational diabetes group.
Insulin therapy in diabetic mothers led to unique metabolic shifts in glycolytic and purine metabolism, highlighting how treatment affects breast milk composition.
The multivariate analysis achieved an AUC of 0.68, supporting the association between metabolic changes in breast milk and maternal metabolic status.