Natural resources management using fly ash in South Kalimantan, activated with acid and alkali as an adsorbent to reduce metal cations from acid mine drainage

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This analysis reveals high adsorption effectiveness of activated fly ash on metal cations in acid mine drainage, indicating it as a viable adsorbent.

Activated fly ash successfully reduces metal cations in acid mine drainage, achieving optimal absorption rates.
Fly ash activated with NaOH shows the highest efficiency, absorbing Fe at 99.9%, Mn at 94.8%, and Cd at 99.9%.
The study identifies fly ash's composition, dominated by silica oxide, alumina oxide, and iron oxide, as essential for its adsorbent properties.
Utilizing activated fly ash for metal ion removal may significantly lessen environmental pollution from mining activities.

Ermiyati et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This analysis reveals high adsorption effectiveness of activated fly ash on metal cations in acid mine drainage, indicating it as a viable adsorbent.