Malignant Transformation of Oral Leukoplakia – An Umbrella Review

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This umbrella review analyzes malignant transformation rates in oral leukoplakia, focusing on tobacco use and lesion subtype.

A higher risk of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia is confirmed, especially for non-homogeneous lesions.
The pooled malignant transformation rate ranged from 3.5% to 43.87% across eight systematic reviews involving 95,467 patients.
The review systematically analyzed existing systematic reviews up to August 2024, examining various databases for data extraction.
Findings indicate that smokeless tobacco use with alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of malignant transformation.

Sowmya et al. (2025) studied this question.

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