Spatial Conditionality of Tourism Supply With a Focus on Smart Destinations: The Case of Croatia and the European Perspective

The aim of this paper is to examine how spatial factors of tourism supply and the implementation of smart technologies influence the shaping and competitiveness of destinations, with an emphasis on the Croatian and European context. A quantitative study (questionnaire, N=300) and qualitative research (semi-structured interviews) were conducted, accompanied by a comparative analysis of different destinations. A Spatial Attractiveness Index (SAI) was introd uced to compare the attractiveness of regions. Spatial localization and smart technologies significantly contribute to the competitiveness of destinations. Quantitative analyses reveal key factors and respondents’ attitudes, while qualitative findi ngs deepen the understanding of major challenges and advantages. Furthermore, the analysis identified significant differences in the degree of smart technology adoption across destination types. Urban areas demonstrate higher levels of digital maturity, while rural and peripheral regions face infrastructural barriers. The research also highlights the importance of strategic investments in ICT infrastructure and the integration of spatial planning with digital solutions. Stakeholders must prioritiz e collaboration and data-driven management to achieve balanced tourism development. In conclusion, this study provides practical recommendations for policymakers and destination managers to foster sustainable and innovative tourism supply, emphasizing the combined role of spatial and technological components. Additionally, it underscores the necessity of continuous capacity-building and digital skills development across all stakeholder groups. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of smart technologies on destination resilience and visitor satisfaction.