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September 18, 2025

Psychotherapists’ Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Online and Face-to-Face Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study (Preprint)

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Authors

EREmilia RutkowskaJFJoanna FurmańskaCMC. Marques

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Overview

Survey study uncovers ethical dilemmas faced by psychotherapists in online and face-to-face settings, suggesting ongoing relevance.

Key Points

  • Ethical dilemmas during online therapy reported by 58.7% of therapists, while 61% faced dilemmas in face-to-face settings.
  • Dilemmas in online therapy emphasized privacy and effectiveness, whereas face-to-face concerns included health and communication.
  • International survey involving 177 psychotherapists from four European countries utilized both closed and open questions for data collection.
  • Findings highlight the need for updated ethical and legal guidelines to address ongoing dilemmas from online and in-person therapy.

Cite This Study

Rutkowska et al. (2024) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d441a6713b0b5dfea80c6dhttps://doi.org/10.2196/preprints.69154
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Psychotherapists’ Ethical Dilemmas Regarding Online and Face-to-Face Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study2025
  2. 2Advantages and disadvantages of online psychotherapy and decisions to use it in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic - analysis of mediation variables2025
  3. 3Brazilian Clinical Psychologists’ Perceptions of Online Psychotherapy for Patients with Suicidal Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Grounded Theory Study2025
  4. 4Understanding Therapist Heterogeneity in the Post-Pandemic Use of Video-Based Psychotherapy: A Person-Centered Longitudinal Analysis of German Outpatient Psychotherapists (Preprint)2025
  5. 5Acuity, Diagnosis, and Community Factors in Virtual and In-Person Treatment: A Qualitative Exploration (Preprint)2025