Economic globalization: origins, essence, prospects

Economic globalization based on the interdependence of national economies has a long history. Historically, the first form of such globalization can be considered the military conquest of large territories and the creation of ancient empires. Already here the essence of economic globalism was formed, associated with management from a single center and economies of scale. The next stage in the formation of economic globalization is associated with the emergence of world religions. Hinduism, Islam, Christianity developed their own globalist ideologies, which performed, among other things, economic functions. The communist form of globalization was based on the secularization of Christianity. The total character of the communist worldview was combined with the recognition of economic relations as the basis of the socio-spiritual superstructure of society, so it implied a change in production relations on a global scale. National socialism is also an independent project of economic globalism, which is based on state regulation of the market economy, planning, autarky, protectionism and the priority of political goals. The modern form of economic globalization is the liberal-market approach, implemented by the United States and Western European countries and based on the theory of open society. Under current conditions, a multipolar world community is being formed, in which any one country will not be able to impose its will on all other countries, so it is unlikely that Chinese, Islamic, Eurasian or Indian globalization will be possible in the future. At the same time, however, a new form of economic globalism is being laid down, linked to the activities of artificial intelligence (AI). The fourth technological revolution currently underway is characterized by automation based on digital transformation, the increasing implementation of AI and the Internet of Things in various spheres of activity, and the integration of the physical and digital worlds. Its functioning covers already all spheres of economy and is based on certain standards, which allows using AI in various situations. In this regard, there is a complex problem of managing artificial intelligence, which has cognitive abilities and is constantly being improved.