September 21, 2025JCEM Case ReportsOpen Access

A Misleading Neck Mass: Branchial Cleft Cyst Mimicking Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma

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A rapidly enlarging neck mass in a patient with a history of metastatic PTC necessitates careful evaluation.
Fine needle biopsy showed no definitive malignancy, yet raised concern for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Intraoperative frozen section pathology is critical for guiding surgical management during excision.
Final surgical histopathology revealed branchial cleft cyst tissue, emphasizing the need for thorough diagnosis.

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Case study highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis in neck masses, indicating potential for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Jamil et al. (2025) studied this question.

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