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September 21, 2025The Journal of PhysiologyOpen Access

Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in highly trained females and males: a mechanistic study of sex differences using advanced invasive methods

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Authors

ØSØyvind SkatteboMMMarcos Martín-RincónBRBjarne Rud

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Overview

This mechanistic study finds that lower O2 delivery in females affects V̇O2max compared to males.

Key Points

  • Maximal oxygen uptake differs between sexes, primarily due to blood haemoglobin concentration differences.
  • Females had 10% lower haemoglobin concentration, affecting their LBM-normalised oxygen delivery and V̇O2max.
  • Cardiac output and muscle perfusion were similar when adjusted for lean body mass between sexes.
  • Similar mitochondrial and capillary densities in muscles suggest sex-based differences are not due to extraction methods.

Cite This Study

Skattebo et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d43afa713b0b5dfea7ab28https://doi.org/10.1113/jp289218
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