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September 21, 2025International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)Open Access

The Association Between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Health Complaints at Kopi Kenangan Manado

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Authors

MNM Fadhel Nurmidin

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Overview

Cross-sectional analysis shows significant health complaints due to secondhand smoke exposure in coffee shop visitors.

Key Points

  • Significant health complaints were associated with secondhand smoke exposure in coffee shops.
  • 72% of respondents reported exposure to secondhand smoke outdoors, leading to various health issues.
  • Major complaints included cough/throat irritation in 32.1% and mild shortness of breath in 21.4%.
  • Strengthening smoke-free policies in public areas is essential to mitigate health risks.

Cite This Study

M Fadhel Nurmidin (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d43a06713b0b5dfea7a5cahttps://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v5i3.447
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