This analysis presents arguments that challenge traditional notions of freedom and moral value, indicating gaps in existing defenses against evil.
This article develops two logical arguments from evil that bypass Alvin Plantinga’s Free Will Defence through a critical examination of the relationship between freedom and value. The first argument assumes that morally innocent freedom is valuable, challenging the traditional emphasis on significant freedom. The second argument draws on an interpretation of J.L. Mackie’s underexplored ethical perspective, which highlights a form of evil that contrasts with the positive value of free will.
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Yishai Cohen (2025) studied this question.