Enhancing Vocabulary Knowledge Through Virtual Reality Games Based on Local Wisdom: A Case Study of Elementary Schools Across Districts in Makassar City

This study investigates the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality (VR) game based on Makassar local wisdom in improving English vocabulary acquisition among primary school students. Using a quasi-experimental design, data were collected from five schools through pre-tests and post-tests. The results showed a significant improvement in vocabulary knowledge, with mean scores increasing from 43.4 in the pre-test to 79.0 in the post-test, reflecting an overall gain of 35.6 points (82.1%). In addition to measurable gains, qualitative findings indicated that VR enhanced students’ motivation, engagement, and retention. The integration of cultural elements—such as traditional markets, folklore, and local culinary practices—provided contextualized learning environments that supported deeper understanding and practical application of new vocabulary. Teachers observed notable shifts in classroom dynamics, with previously passive learners becoming more active and confident when using English. The findings suggest that VR games incorporating local culture can serve as effective and engaging pedagogical tools in EFL contexts, particularly at the primary level. The study concludes that combining immersive technology with scaffolding and cultural relevance offers a promising direction for vocabulary instruction.