September 12, 2025Journal of Physical ScienceOpen Access

Energy, Exergy and Environmentally Sustainable process analysis of Biomass Boilers using different Palm oil waste

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Energy efficiency averaged 76.68% across 13 types of palm oil waste, indicating significant variability in biomass performance.
Exergy efficiency averaged 22.45%, highlighting the potential for optimisation in energy transformation to improve sustainability.
A parameter study on air fuel ratios revealed that enhancing combustion processes could mitigate energy loss in boiler systems.
The study underscores the need for advanced technologies to reduce reliance on nonrenewable fuels and lessen environmental impact.

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This investigation evaluates energy and exergy efficiency of various palm oil waste types, indicating critical areas for improvement.

Ashfaq et al. (2025) studied this question.

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