Decarbonizing Marine Logistics: Multi-Echelon Green Supply Chain Models for Offshore Vessel Networks

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MILP-based optimization reduced CO₂ emissions by 22% while ensuring reliability across all demand points.
Discrete-event simulation revealed significant scheduling delays during peak vessel utilization, suggesting a need for better congestion management.
MCDA analysis identified bio-LNG and hydrogen as optimal marine fuel types, balancing emission reduction and availability.
Hypothesis testing confirmed strong relationships between fuel type, network structure, and emission performance, emphasizing effective logistics planning.

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This study demonstrates multi-echelon supply chain models improve emissions in marine logistics, suggesting new strategies for fuel selection.

Al-Hawary et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This study demonstrates multi-echelon supply chain models improve emissions in marine logistics, suggesting new strategies for fuel selection.