Cardiovascular Disease Literacy and Risk Factor Awareness in a Metropolitan South Asian Population: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in Karachi

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Discussion

Cross-sectional study reveals gaps in cardiovascular disease risk factor awareness in Karachi, highlighting demographic predictors.

Moderate CVD knowledge was observed among Karachi residents, indicating significant awareness gaps.
Smoking and stress were recognized by 73.5% and 72.7% respectively, while diabetes awareness was only 39.8%.
Data were collected through a structured questionnaire in a cross-sectional study involving 377 adults aged 20-80.
Community-based interventions are necessary to address demographic disparities in CVD knowledge.

Rafiq et al. (2025) studied this question.

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