September 10, 2025BMC Public HealthOpen Access

Global air pollution exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

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Discussion

Systematic review shows significant associations of NO2 and PM2.5 with HCC risk and mortality.

Statistically significant links found between air pollution exposure and hepatocellular carcinoma mortality.
Pooled hazard ratios indicated a 14% increase in HCC incidence for NO2 and an 11% increase for PM2.5.
Quality assessments confirm the reliability of findings from 21 studies covering over 90 million participants.
Results underline the need for further research to clarify causality and inform public health policies.

Odat et al. (2025) studied this question.

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