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September 10, 2025Journal of Atherosclerosis and ThrombosisOpen Access

Joint Impact of Smoking and Metabolic Syndrome on Cardiovascular Disease: A Cohort Study

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Authors

HHHuanhuan HuTNTohru NakagawaTHToru Honda

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Overview

Cohort study examines smoking and metabolic syndrome effects on CVD, revealing significant interactions.

Key Points

  • Current smokers with metabolic syndrome had the highest cardiovascular disease risk, with a hazard ratio of 6.45.
  • Approximately 35% of cardiovascular disease cases among those exposed to both factors were attributed to their interactions.
  • Analysis revealed a significant interaction for myocardial infarction but not for stroke, highlighting differential impacts.
  • Targeting both smoking and metabolic syndrome is essential for effective cardiovascular disease prevention strategies.

Cite This Study

Hu et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c243acb210217d647a803ahttps://doi.org/10.5551/jat.65812
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