September 10, 2025Communications BiologyOpen Access

Evidence for compositionality in fMRI visual representations via Brain Algebra

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Compositional processes in neural representations lead to predictable perceptual outcomes based on combined concepts.
Averaging fMRI responses created 'conceptual perturbations', which modified brain patterns for new visual outcomes.
Applying an fMRI-to-image decoding model revealed how combinatory encoding occurs in the brain’s visual representations.
This study suggests the brain's encoding of visual concepts may follow systematic algebraic-like rules.

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Neuroimaging finds that brain patterns for visual concepts can combine algebraically, suggesting systematic encoding.

Ferrante et al. (2025) studied this question.

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