Integrated spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal Ly6C⁺ macrophage glutamine metabolism in pneumonia-mediated attenuation of aristolochic acid I nephrotoxicity
Integrated spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the role of glutamine in macrophage response, indicating potential safety for Xi Xin despite aristolochic acid I concerns.
Key Points
Increased tolerance to aristolochic acid I-induced nephrotoxicity is linked to glutamine metabolism in macrophages.
For seven days, administering 1 mg/kg aristolochic acid I did not show carcinogenic markers in mouse kidneys.
Spatial mapping revealed that macrophages convert L-glutamic acid into glutamine, reducing oxidative stress.
Rigorous analyses suggest that conventional dosages of Xi Xin may be safe while minimizing associated risks.