School maladjustment in the practice of a pediatric neurologist

In modern conditions, the period of systematic educational process has a great influence on somatic and neuropsychiatric health of children, and the action of various, including intra-school, medical and social factors, can lead to the emergence of psychosomatic disorders. If a child does not cope with the requirements of the new social environment, he develops various somatic and psychoneurological symptoms, we can talk about a violation of the adaptation processes and the formation of school maladjustment – a socio-psychological-pedagogical phenomenon resulting from a violation of the adaptive mechanism of personality socialization. In the development of school maladjustment, a large role belongs to the characteristics of the school environment and the child’s personality with an emphasis on his upbringing, interpersonal and intra-family relationships; the importance of the previous background is emphasized. Among the components of school maladjustment, cognitive, personal (emotional-evaluative), behavioral and physiological are currently considered. Much attention is paid to school anxiety. It is noted that school maladjustment in children can often be caused by learning difficulties, among the etiological factors of which special attention is paid to cognitive impairments, assessed as a subjectively and objectively detectable decrease in cognitive functions in comparison with an individual or average age educational level. It is shown that along with various methods of psychological, pedagogical and speech therapy correction, drug therapy with nootropic drugs occupies a significant place in the treatment of cognitive impairment in children. The high efficiency of choline alfoscerate (Cereton) in the treatment of cognitive impairment in children is noted. The main principles of correction of school maladjustment are presented, which have a complex and interdisciplinary nature. In general, it is noted that at present, school maladjustment remains an urgent problem, the solution of which is interdisciplinary in nature and is possible with the interaction of health workers, teachers, parents and children.