Factors affecting the use and preference of stingless bees in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: implications for conservation

Meliponiculture plays an essential role in the conservation of stingless bees and the maintenance of biodiversity. This study investigated the factors influencing the use and preference for stingless bee species in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The species managed and preferred by meliponiculturists were identified, and the influence of socioeconomic and environmental variables on the diversity of managed species was evaluated. Forty-three meliponiculturists were interviewed, reporting a total of 38 managed species. The results indicated that the most managed species were also the most preferred, with Tetragonisca angustula, Melipona quadrifasciata, and Melipona mondury being the most frequently cited. The primary criteria for species selection were ease of management, productivity, and behavior, while financial factors had less influence. Years of experience, education level, and marital status were determining factors in the diversification of managed species. However, the level of involvement in meliponiculture, the number of products sold, and the location of the meliponiculturists (urban or rural areas) did not significantly impact the diversity of raised bees. Although meliponiculture promotes conservation efforts, the management of non-native species to the Atlantic Forest biome requires attention due to potential ecological impacts. The findings of this study can contribute to the development of sustainable management and conservation strategies for stingless bees in Brazil.