Fatal Cytokine Collision: HLH–AIHA in Advanced AIDS—Case Report and Literature Review

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Case report reveals overlapping HLH-AIHA in advanced AIDS patients, suggesting urgent need for targeted therapies.

This case illustrates the life-threatening overlap of HLH and AIHA in an AIDS patient with severe immune dysregulation.
Key findings include extreme hyperferritinemia and elevated soluble IL-2 receptor levels, complicating diagnosis and treatment.
Observational analysis of the patient highlighted the myelotoxicity of etoposide in this vulnerable population.
Highlighting the urgent need for alternative therapies, this case shows the challenges in managing dual hematologic syndromes.

Zhang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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