Mechanism analysis and accuracy prediction of motion error of translation axis of machine tools

Kinematic error manifests as geometric error during machine tool motion, with an established mapping relationship between the two. As a critical component of the machine tool, the motion error of the translation axis directly affects machining accuracy. While current research mainly focuses on geometric error measurement and identification, prediction methods remain relatively underexplored. Based on the inherent characteristics and mechanisms of motion error in the translation axis, this paper proposes a predictive model. The model focuses on key motion errors: positioning error, straightness error, and angular error. By integrating trigonometric and linear functions, the model incorporates parameters such as guideway surface topography, eccentricity error, and pitch error. Furthermore, it is validated through laser interferometry and profilometry, confirming its effectiveness.