Restoration of declining soil carbon stocks and lost surface elevations in degraded mangroves on the northern coast of Java, Indonesia

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Observational analysis shows soil carbon loss and elevation decline in mangroves, indicating severe inundation effects due to coastal degradation.

Converting mangroves to aquaculture increased soil carbon by 17.68 Mg C ha -1 in Wedung.
Relative sea-level rises reached up to 10.46 cm yr -1 in Sayung, highlighting severe inundation.
Mangroves in Wedung had an elevation surplus of 2.02 cm yr -1, unlike other land uses which suffered elevation deficits.
Restoration scenarios could enhance soil carbon stocks and surface elevation in coastal areas, supporting ecosystem health.

Ardhani et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Observational analysis shows soil carbon loss and elevation decline in mangroves, indicating severe inundation effects due to coastal degradation.