September 10, 2025PRANATA HUKUMOpen Access

The Binding Power of Electronic Signatures in Civil Agreements: A Comparative Study of the Civil Code and Electronic Information and Transactions Law

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The study reveals that electronic signatures have legal standing under the ITE Law, but the Civil Code has not fully adapted to digital norms.
Legal comparison between the ITE Law and the Civil Code shows that existing norms create doubts in contract validity and proof.
Normative legal methods were utilized to assess how electronic signatures function within civil agreements and existing legal frameworks.
There is a call for harmonization between traditional civil law and modern digital regulations to ensure clarity in electronic agreements.

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Comparative study evaluates binding force of electronic signatures under Civil Code and ITE Law, indicating potential legal uncertainty.

Dahlan et al. (2025) studied this question.

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