Optimization of Multi-Energy Complementary Building Energy Systems

Under the dual impetus of the global energy crisis and carbon neutrality objectives, the construction sector, as a critical domain of energy consumption and carbon emissions, urgently requires green transformation through multi-energy complementary systems. This paper systematically reviews the coupling mechanisms, integration technologies, and synergistic optimization methodologies of multi-energy complementary building energy systems, elucidating their roles in enhancing energy efficiency, reducing lifecycle carbon emissions, and advancing net-zero energy building development. Research demonstrates that integrating renewable energy technologies, such as building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPVT) systems and hydrogen complementary systems, effectively addresses energy volatility and intermittency while balancing architectural aesthetics with economic viability. The study underscores that large-scale implementation of multi-energy complementary systems necessitates regionally adaptive design frameworks, long-term performance monitoring protocols, and multi-stakeholder collaboration, thereby offering theoretically innovative and practically actionable solutions for global low-carbon building transitions.