Water Quality Degradation in the Deli River Watershed, North Sumatra: Impacts of Land Use and Pollution Sources

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This analysis evaluates water quality and pollution sources in the Deli River, highlighting significant degradation impacts on urban watersheds.

Water quality in the Deli River varies from poor to good, indicating significant pollution levels.
The Pollution Index and NSF-WQI revealed severely polluted conditions particularly at downstream observation points.
Observational analysis across 46 sampling locations in the Deli River Watershed was conducted to assess water quality.
Government intervention is essential for restoring regions affected by urbanisation and industrial discharge in the Deli River Basin.

Leidonald et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This analysis evaluates water quality and pollution sources in the Deli River, highlighting significant degradation impacts on urban watersheds.