Sediment Pollution Indices and Ecological Risk Evaluation in the Lanfenwa River, Southwest Nigeria

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Sediment quality assessment found elevated levels of cadmium, copper, and lead in urban-impacted zones, highlighting serious environmental concerns.
Contamination factors for cadmium exceeded 4.0 at multiple sites, indicating considerable to very high contamination levels in affected areas.
Ecological risk evaluation revealed hazard quotients over 2.0 for cadmium and copper, signaling significant ecological threats to aquatic ecosystems.
Multivariate analyses illustrated distinct pollution gradients and metal sources, informing better waste management strategies in urban river areas.

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Analysis reveals high ecological risk due to heavy metals in sediment, indicating urgent pollution control measures are needed.

Laniyan et al. (2025) studied this question.

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