Lower-depth sequencing after culture enrichment improves the detection of rare antimicrobial resistance genes, indicating its effectiveness over deeper sequencing.
A total of 26 antibiotic resistance gene types and 1,225 subtypes were identified, with beta-lactamase genes being notably prevalent among various samples.
Comparative assessments showed that hospital wastewater has a greater abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes than neighborhood sources.
This approach highlights the potential for wastewater-based surveillance to enhance infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs in healthcare settings.