September 10, 2025Jurnal ElemenOpen Access

Shaping self-efficacy in online mathematics: A comparative study by gender and semester level

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This research examines self-efficacy differences in online mathematics based on gender and semester level, implying tailored support strategies.

No significant differences in self-efficacy dimensions were found between male and female students.
Social persuasion and belief dimensions showed significant differences, particularly among middle-semester students.
Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were employed due to non-normal data distribution.
Tailored strategies for self-efficacy support are essential, particularly for students in different academic stages.

Nurhayati et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This research examines self-efficacy differences in online mathematics based on gender and semester level, implying tailored support strategies.