Investigating the Relation between Helicobacter pylori and Thyroid diseases

This review intends to focus on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and different thyroid disorders. H. pylori infection is the top global infectious disease. More than half of the world's populations are affected by H. pylori. It is the cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and, consequently, gastric malignancies if not treated. Infection with H. pylori provokes a chronic cellular inflammatory response in gastric mucosa. Nonetheless, the impacts of H. pylori local infection may not only related to the digestive tract but may involve extra-intestinal tissues and organs. H. pylori infection is reported to be linked to conditions and diseases outside the digestive system. Various endocrine disorders, such as thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, osteoporosis, and primary hyperparathyroidism, were reported to be related to H. pylori infection.