Household Narratives on Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures in Pakistan

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Mixed-methods analysis reveals high prevalence of catastrophic spending in households, indicating urgent need for financial security reforms.

Forty-two percent of households faced catastrophic health expenditures, highlighting severe financial risks.
Rural families experienced a significantly higher burden at 52%, compared to 35% of urban families, indicating geographical disparities.
Insurance markedly reduced the likelihood of catastrophic expenditures, with chronic illness increasing vulnerability.
Coping mechanisms like borrowing and reduced food spending were linked to higher out-of-pocket expenses, stressing socioeconomic impacts.

M. Tufail (2025) studied this question.

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Mixed-methods analysis reveals high prevalence of catastrophic spending in households, indicating urgent need for financial security reforms.