Emerging role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors significantly improve survival in recurrent head and neck cancer, transforming treatment.
Clinical trials support pembrolizumab and nivolumab's superior tolerability over chemotherapy in advanced cases.
Exploration of novel treatments like vaccines and CAR-T therapies is underway alongside existing ICI therapies.
Challenges remain including therapeutic resistance and financial toxicity, indicating a need for personalized immunotherapy.

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This review highlights immune checkpoint inhibitors' impact on survival in recurrent HNSCC, suggesting personalized approaches.

Sunny et al. (2025) studied this question.

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