September 10, 2025SustainabilityOpen Access

Evaluation of Farmers’ Livelihood Vulnerability in Border Rural Tourism Destination and Its Influencing Factors—Take Tumen City, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, as an Example

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Discussion

Analysis reveals the impact of rural tourism on farmers’ vulnerability in border areas, indicating key influencing factors.

Farmers’ livelihood vulnerability is generally negative, suggesting some resistance to external risks.
Villages with established tourism formats show lower livelihood vulnerability, highlighting tourism's benefits.
Key factors include education level, agricultural machinery investment, income, financial borrowing ability, and family size.
The study suggests rural tourism could enhance farmers' economic stability and mitigate vulnerability over time.

Qi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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