September 10, 2025

Household Labor, Mental Health and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Female Domestic Workers in Pakistan

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Cross-sectional survey finds psychological distress is lower in women from joint families, highlighting socio-cultural impacts.

Women in joint families reported significantly lower psychological distress than those in nuclear families.
Joint-family participants scored higher on job satisfaction compared to those in nuclear families, with a p-value < .001.
Urban workers demonstrated lower psychological distress but faced greater job stressors than rural workers, indicating a complex relationship.
Findings support the need for tailored labor protections and mental health resources for female domestic workers.

Shahzadi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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