New gall-inducing species Neolasioptera were identified on native plants in Brazil, highlighting their ecological role.
Five new species of Neolasioptera Felt, 1908 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil are described and illustrated, all are gall-inducers: N. floricola on Chromolaena laevigata (Lam.) R. M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae), N. fluminensis on Inga maritima Benth. (Fabaceae), N. hexasepali on Hexasepalum apiculatum (Willd.) Delprete & J. H. Kirkbr. (Rubiaceae), N. myriopi on Myriopus villosus Salzm. ex DC. (Heliotropiaceae), and N. rolandrae on Rolandra fruticosa (L.) Kuntze (Asteraceae). All host plants are native from Brazil, and three of them are endemic: Inga maritima, Hexasepalum apiculatum, and Myriopus villosus. The new species are compared to other Neotropical congeneric species.
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