September 10, 2025Cogent EducationOpen Access

Advancing higher education students’ self-efficacy and achievement through self-directed learning integrated with the BOPPPS model

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Quasi-experimental design improved self-efficacy and academic achievement in 90 students, highlighting the BOPPPS model’s effectiveness.

Students in the experimental group showed higher self-efficacy compared to the control group.
The SDL-BOPPPS model received a quality rating of 4.55 from experts.
Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests revealed significant differences in achievement.
Research involved 90 students at The Open University of China over six weeks.

Yang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Quasi-experimental design improved self-efficacy and academic achievement in 90 students, highlighting the BOPPPS model’s effectiveness.