Why are we still using the PHQ-9? A Historical Review and Psychometric Evaluation of Measurement Invariance
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Key Points
The study questions the validity of the PHQ-9 for measuring depressive symptoms and treatment outcomes.
Using a sample of 3384 participants, the research highlights significant overlap between key items, with model fit identified as suboptimal.
Analysis focused on factorial validity and temporal measurement invariance to assess how the PHQ-9 performs over time and among different treatment groups.
Findings indicate that changes in PHQ-9 scores may not accurately reflect true symptom changes, raising serious concerns about its clinical application.
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Implication
Historical review reveals mixed findings on the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9, suggesting issues with measurement invariance across treatments.