September 10, 2025BuildingsOpen Access

Seasonal Effects of Window-to-Wall Ratio and Glazing Combinations on Office Building Performance in Qingdao

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The combination of a 30% window-to-wall ratio with double glazing significantly enhances thermal comfort in July.
Results indicate that double glazing reduces energy consumption by 366–500 kWh compared to single glazing during January.
High window-to-wall ratios can increase comfort during winter, but may introduce discomfort in transitional seasons.
The study emphasizes maintaining a moderate window-to-wall ratio across floors to avoid compromising energy efficiency.

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This analysis reveals how varying window-to-wall ratio and glazing types influence thermal comfort and energy efficiency in office buildings.

Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This analysis reveals how varying window-to-wall ratio and glazing types influence thermal comfort and energy efficiency in office buildings.