Phytochemical insights and therapeutic benefits of Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena): implications for chronic disease prevention and functional food development

Aloysia citrodora Paláxu (Lemon Verbena) is a South American aromatic plant traditionally used for its calming and digestive effects. In recent years, it has attracted scientific attention due to its wide range of pharmacological properties. This review summarizes the biological activities of its key phytochemicals—verbascoside, citral, limonene, linalool, geraniol, and other phenolic glycosides—based on a systematic search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Preclinical studies have demonstrated significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, and potential anticancer effects. These activities are mainly linked to secondary metabolites such as verbascoside and citral, which influence oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-related pathways. In vivo data also indicate that lemon verbena polyphenols may improve insulin sensitivity, regulate lipid metabolism, and reduce adiposity—suggesting benefits for managing obesity and type 2 diabetes. Its mild sedative action supports its traditional use for stress relief and insomnia. Despite these promising results, clinical evidence remains limited. A. citrodora holds potential as a functional food ingredient and phytotherapeutic agent for chronic disease prevention. However, well-designed human studies are needed to confirm its efficacy, clarify its mechanisms, and ensure its safe use in health promotion.