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September 10, 2025Turkish Journal of KinesiologyOpen Access

Physiological sex differences in response to exercise

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Authors

MNMwebaze NicholasTMTimothy MakubuyaMKMark Kamwebaze

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Overview

This analysis reveals how hormonal profiles and training load affect exercise responses in males and females.

Key Points

  • Males generally exhibit better aerobic performance due to higher hemoglobin concentrations and VO₂max.
  • Females may experience greater gastrointestinal discomfort, yet they benefit from faster recovery thanks to estrogen.
  • Hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can impact performance, with distinct effects during different phases.
  • Tailoring exercise programs to sex-specific physiological factors can enhance performance and reduce injury.

Cite This Study

Nicholas et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c23abeb210217d64781a55https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.1692902
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