The ideological work of penal reform: How reformers justify penal-welfare hybridization

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Discourses of cost-savings and recidivism reductions persist in justifying penal-welfare hybridization.
Aspects of morality and narratives of deservingness shape public justifications for penal reform.
Online materials increasingly employ trauma language to advocate for the expansion of the Reentry Resource Center.
Findings suggest welfare capacity can expand alongside the penal state, challenging traditional views of penal-welfare dynamics.

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Qualitative analysis of penal-welfare hybridization in California reveals durable discourses on recidivism and cost-savings.

Halushka et al. (2025) studied this question.

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