Land-Cover Change and Predictive Modeling of Urban Heat Dynamics in Kano, Nigeria

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Observational analysis reveals urban heat island effects tied to land-cover changes in Kano, suggesting urgent planning needs.

Built-up areas in Kano increased from 2.93% to 25.95% between 1984 and 2023, intensifying urban heat.
Mean Land Surface Temperature rose from 39.7°C in 1984 to 41.5°C in 2023, with peak temperatures exceeding 52°C.
A strong correlation exists between the Normalized Difference Built-up Index and Land Surface Temperature (r = 0.57).
Predictive modeling indicates a further 6.5% increase in urban areas by 2050, exacerbating UHI effects.

Yusuf et al. (2025) studied this question.

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