September 5, 2025Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Characterization and source apportionment of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils in the complex genesis region of western Yunnan

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Discussion

This study identifies pollution sources and compares APCS-MLR and PMF models on heavy metal risks in agriculture.

Significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals were found compared to background values in Yunnan soils.
Cd and Pb emerged as the most critical contaminants, with pollution levels ranging from mild to severe.
Four primary pollution sources were identified: industrial transportation, parent material, agriculture, and mining.
Dual modeling approaches improved accuracy over single methods, providing a framework for investigating soil contamination.

Li et al. (2025) studied this question.

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