Evaluation of ANGPTL8 and TGF-β1 Levels in Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Association with Gender and Age

Background: The common chronic autoimmune disease known as type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in insulin insufficiency because it promotes the death of pancreatic β-cells through inflammation. This study sought to assess the immunological markers Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) levels in Iraqi patients with type 1 diabetes in comparison to healthy controls, as well as any correlations with age and gender. Material: There were two groups of patients in the case control study: a healthy group of 12 women and 28 men, and a group of 27 females and 23 males with T1D. In accordance with their ages, the participants were split into three groups: Group I consisted of people aged 20 to 39, Group II of people aged 40 to 59, and Group III of those aged 60 to 80. The latex agglutination test was used to assess CRP, and the levels of ANGPTL8 and TGF-β1 were determined using the ELISA technique. Results: The findings demonstrated that patients' TGF-β1 concentrations were comparatively higher 18.82±4.49 ng/mL than those of healthy individuals 17.45±3.77 ng/mL. In contrast to the healthy control 519.71±18.90 ng/mL, the ANGPTL8 protein's concentration in patients was somewhat lower 509.53±34.7. There was a significant difference in ANGPTL8 levels between the age groups of 20-39, 0-59, and 60-80 years; male ANGPTL8 levels were found to be higher and to decline with age. TGF-β1 declined in women as they aged, but it rose in men. Conclusion: Age and gender are important confounding variables for TGF-β1 and ANGPTL8 levels in T1D. When evaluating these biomarkers or creating future T1D predicting research, these demographic factors need to be taken into consideration.