Does escaping a war zone feel worse than being there? War and coping by Ukrainian civilians in Ukraine and Poland.

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Ukrainian refugees reported significantly higher trauma and anxiety levels than those in the war zone.
Participants scored higher in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and feelings of loneliness while in Poland.
Regression analysis shows that lower expected support from the West negatively affects well-being in both groups.
Expected support from Western nations plays a critical role in reducing perceived anxiety from war.

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Survey reveals higher trauma and anxiety levels in Ukrainian refugees, indicating the impacts of war stress.

Palace et al. (2025) studied this question.

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