September 5, 2025SportsOpen Access

The Skin Microbiome Profile of Contact Sports Athletes—Focus on Sexual Dimorphism and Athlete–Non-Athlete Differences

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This study characterizes skin microbiome differences in athletes versus non-athletes, highlighting sexual dimorphism and infection risks.

Athletes' skin microbiomes show notable differences from non-athletes, with increased infection risks.
Males presented higher levels of bacterial genera associated with infections, while females had more skin inflammation-related bacteria.
Wrestlers displayed distinct microbiome profiles influenced by skin-to-skin contact, differing from kickboxers and non-athletes.
Regular hygiene protocols and microbiome monitoring are crucial due to the heightened risk of skin infections in contact sports.

Kalabiska et al. (2025) studied this question.

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