September 5, 2025LandOpen Access

Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve: Does Economic Growth Necessarily Lead to More Carbon Emissions?

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Panel data analysis reveals the EKC's validity varies between core and non-core cities, implying different carbon emission pathways.

The study finds an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions at the national level.
In non-core cities, the Environmental Kuznets Curve becomes invalid, showing inadequate structural transformation.
Industrial structure advancement significantly reduces carbon emissions in core cities, underscoring urban disparities.
Policy recommendations focus on enhancing the green transition capacity in non-core cities, promoting equitable low-carbon development.

Yue et al. (2025) studied this question.

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