Inventory and Identification of Pests on Corn Plants (Zea mays L.) In Moncongloe Subdistrict, Maros Regency

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a vital global crop, providing essential carbohydrates and protein. However, fluctuating productivity, particularly in Moncongloe District, Maros Regency, Indonesia, poses challenges for sustainable cultivation. This study aimed to identify and quantify pest populations affecting three corn varieties: Kumala F1, NK Sumo, and Arumba F1. Field observations and pest collections were conducted from April to July 2023 using diagonal sampling plots across three locations. Pests were identified morphologically using insect determination keys and relevant literature. The study revealed six key pests: Menochilus sexmaculatus, Micraspis crocea, Atherigona exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Dacus sp., and Oxya sp. Spodoptera frugiperda was the dominant pest, particularly affecting NK Sumo, with peak populations observed 6-8 weeks after planting. Shannon-Wiener diversity index calculations indicated low to moderate insect diversity (H' = 1.5–2.7) across varieties, while Simpson’s dominance index highlighted the prevalence of dominant pest species. Integrated pest management (IPM), including biological control and resistant crop varieties, was identified as essential for mitigating pest impacts. Findings underscore the need for region-specific pest management strategies to enhance productivity. Future research should focus on the impact of emerging pests and the efficacy of IPM approaches tailored to local agricultural conditions.