Design and Simulation of a Solar Energy System for Off-grid Application

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Simulation reveals solar PV system optimally meets energy demand in a rural Nigerian community, highlighting climatic effects.

The solar PV system sufficiently meets the energy needs of Itele, with excess electricity production over the year.
In August, solar energy availability showed specific constraints with GHI at 4.5 kWh/m²/day and DHI at 3.3 kWh/m²/day.
Simulation with Homer Pro demonstrated a higher unmet electrical load of 3.21 kWh annually during the rainy season.
The analysis highlights how varying climatic conditions significantly influence the performance of solar energy systems.

Eniola et al. (2025) studied this question.

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