Assessing Safety Programs and Strategies to Prevent of Heavy Equipment Struck-by Incidents in Construction

The co-existence of human operators and machines at the construction site requires a sufficient balance between achieving desired productivity and ensuring worker safety. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data indicates an average of 200 annual fatalities caused by non-transport-powered vehicle strikes for the year for the past ten years. While advancements in sensing technologies, such as wearable sensors, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and virtual/augmented/mixed reality, allow us to facilitate remote control or enhanced training programs, a significant reduction in serious injuries and fatalities remains unrealized. This study conducts a systematic review of the key safety elements or pillars that provide a robust framework for integrating technology. These foundational elements for preventing struck-by incidents encompass OSHA regulations, compliance-based and augmented safety programs, optimum man-machine ergonomics, cultural considerations, effective organizational and multi-employer worksite structures, and adaptation to environmental conditions. The findings of this study will contribute to providing safety professionals and researchers with a foundational knowledge of struck-by safety practices, crucial for the effective deployment of new technologies and innovations. Subsequently, a targeted survey among construction managers will be conducted to collate further data on the prevalence and needs of current struck-by safety programs, thereby identifying areas where technological enhancements are most required.